Forgó hajózás angolul: alapfogalmak és kifejező példák magyar nyelvű összefoglalása

Az alábbi cikk célja, hogy részletes és összefüggő módon mutassa be a hajózáshoz kapcsolódó angol szakkifejezéseket, a bennük rejlő jelentések értelmezését és gyakorlati alkalmazását magyar nyelven. A terjedelmes szóanyagban minden releváns fogalom szöveges leírása megtalálható, amelyeket a черновикból származó mondatok összekapcsolásával és szükség szerinti kiegészítésével rendeztünk egységes egésszé.

Alapfogalmak és tájékozódás a fedélzeten

Above deck: On the deck - not in the cabin.

Abrest: When two boats are facing in the same direction, side by side, at the same speed and position.

Adrift: A boat floating loose, without moorings, tow rope or using power.

Aft: The stern part of the boat or when you’re to the rear of the boat.

Aground: When a boat is touching the bottom in water too shallow for its draft.

Ahead: An area in front of the boat you are on, and to go ahead is to go forwards.

Aids to Navigation: Any signal, marker, or equipment that aids a boat to navigate safely, including channel markers and isolated danger.

Aloft: The area above a boat’s deck - usually in the rigging or on the mast.

Amidships: In the middle of the boat between the stern and the bow.

Anchorage: An area suitable (e.g. harbour or island cove) suitable for a boat to stay and deploy and anchor.

Keretek és kötélzet

- Horgonyzóhely: Olyan terület (pl. Apparent Wind: The apparent wind is a combination of the true wind and the wind caused by the boat’s movement through the water.

Autopilot: A self-steering mechanism on a boat.

Bailer: A container used to remove water from a boat in the event of water ingress.

Backing Wind: Refers to the wind shifting direction in an anti-clockwise direction.

Backstay: Part of the rigging running from the top of the mast to the stern of the boat. The backstay stops the mast from falling forward and, when tuning a boat’s rig, it also helps to control the degree of mast bend.

- a kötélzet egy része, amely az árboc tetejétől a hajó faráig tart (árboc feszítő kötél két oldalt és hátul).

Vitorlázási elemek és kötelességek

Batten: Wood, fiberglass or plastic strip slid into a pocket on the leech of the sail. Battens help to shape and strengthen the sail to increase overall performance.

- latni: fa, üvegszálas vagy műanyag lap, amit a vitorla zsebbe csúsztatunk.

Batton down: Fasten hatches and loose objects on deck and down below to prevent things from moving, or becoming damaged.

Vitorlák és hajótest

Beam: The widest point of the boat.

Beam Reaching: A point of sail when sailing directly sideways to the wind on either a port or starboard tack.

Bearing Away: Steering the boat away from the wind or turning downwind.

Beating: Sailing towards the wind by tacking back and forth across the wind.

Bilge: The lowest area inside a boat’s hull, below the floor.

Bilge pump: A pump to remove any water in the bilge.

Bitter end: The free end of a line - it’s where the term, ‘until the bitter end’ comes from. (The other end is referred to as the ‘Standing Line’).

Hajóközi és kötélzet-biztonság

Cast Off: Releasing the boat’s lines allowing it to leave its mooring.

Cleat: A small wooden, metal or plastic deck fitting with horns to secure a line or rope to.

Clew: The lower rear corner of a sail.

Close Reach: A point of sail when sailing against the wind at an angle somewhere between a beam reach and close hauled.

Close hauled: A point of sail when sailing as close to the wind as possible without the sails luffing (fluttering).

Clove hitch: A type of knot used to secure a rope twice around another rope or a spar.

Fedélzet és fedélzeti irányítás

Cockpit: The open area, usually towards the stern of the boat, where the boat is steered from.

Companionway: Stairs or ladder on a boat usually leading down to the cabin.

Cunningham: A line used to adjust the forward edge of the mainsail. Usually runs from the tack of the sail to the front area of the boom.

Current: The horizontal movement of a body of water.

- Cutter: A cutter has one mast but sails with two foresails.

Davit: A crane onboard that can be swung out over the side for hoisting or lowering boats.

Navigáció és térképészet

Dead Reckoning: The method used to plot the course already travelled by measuring speed and time to calculate distance.

Deck: The roof or permanent covering over the boats hull.

Deck hand: A member of the ship’s crew responsible for maintaining, cleaning and mooring the vessel.

Deviation: A ship’s magnetic compass reading can be affected by metal objects on the boat (electronic equipment etc). The difference between the correct magnetic reading and the ships compass magnetic reading is called deviation. Deviation will vary depending on the direction of the boat.

Dinghy: A small open boat, often used as a tender for a larger vessel - can be rowed, sailed or driven by a motor/outboard.

Displacement: The volume of water that is moved (displaced) by a boat when float.

Draft: The depth of a boat measured from the deepest point to the waterline.

Navigációs jelek és jelzőeszközök

Buoy: Anchored navigation floats to mark hazards or for mooring to.

Chart: A nautical map used for navigation.

Chart datum: Depths on a chart are shown from a low-water surface or a low-water datum called chart datum. - ‘Térkép nullapont’ - A térképen a mélységek a legalacsonyabb apály értéket mutatják. A ‘chart datum’ úgy van kiválasztva, hogy azt a vízszintet ritkán vagy egyáltalán nem éri el.

Fender: Cylindrical air-filled plastic or rubber bumper which hangs off the side of a boat or pontoon to prevent damage to both pontoon and boat.

Vitorlázási manőverek és balesetek

Capsize: When the boat turns over in the water and is no longer upright.

Ground tackle: Equipment used to anchor or moor a boat. The gunwale is the upper most edge of a ship’s side.

Genoa: The Genoa is a foresail that is larger than a jib. The clew (lower corner at the foot of the sail) extends aft of the mast unlike a jib.

Gooseneck: A metal fitting that attaches the boom to the mast. - Egy fém veret, ami a bum-ot rögzíti az árbóchoz.

Ground tackle: Equipment used to anchor or moor a boat. Gunwale: The upper most edge of a ship’s side.

Praktikus kifejezések különleges helyzetekre

Halyards: Lines used to lower and raise sails and flags.

Head to wind: The bow of the boat is pointed directly into the wind.

Heave-to: Come to a stop while out at sea by steering into the wind.

Heeling: Leaning or heeling over caused by wind pressure on the sails.

Helm: The helm is the steering mechanism of the boat (wheel or tiller).

Helmsperson: The person at the helm and steering the boat.

Rövid kifejező listák és példák

Jib: The jib is a foresail (smaller than a genoa). The jib is about the same size as the triangular area between the forestay, mast and foredeck. Other common sail on a boat.

Jibe: Turning down wind from broad reach to other broad reach through a run to change direction of the boat.

Jury rig: A makeshift replacement rig.

Keel: The large heavily weighted fin like structure secured to the bottom of the boat. The keel helps to keep the boat upright and also reduces leeway (side slipping across the wind).

Ketch: A two masted boat. The second and smaller mast (mizzen) is positioned just forward of the rudder post.

Szókészlet a vitorláselméleti alapismerethez

Rudder: Part of the underwater steering apparatus of a boat. Located outside the hull and near the stern.

Tack: The front lower corner of a sail. Tack- Turning from closed-hauled to the other closed-hauled through irons to change the boat’s direction.

Tacking: Also called “Coming About”.

Transom: The flat area across the stern of the boat. True wind: A fogalom, amelyet a gyakorló kadétok ismerete szerint írják le, az igazi szél irányát jelenti.

Hozzáadott megjegyzések a nyelvi összefüggéshez

A draftben található összegző záró sorok és a szakszavak magyarázatai segítenek megérteni, hogyan kapcsolódnak egymáshoz a kifejezések a valós hajózási gyakorlatban. A szóanyag összefüggő feldolgozása során a hollandiai és magyarországi hajószerű kifejezéseket is érintő példákat és megnevezéseket tartalmazunk, hogy a tanuló könnyen átültethesse a tanultakat a gyakorlatba.

tags: #forgo #hajon #angolul